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| TITLE | Liquid phase exfoliation of graphene using ammonia as an easy-to-remove additive in low-boiling organic-water co-solvent suspensions |
|---|---|
| AUTHOR | Martin Nastran, Paul Peschek, Izabela Walendzik, Jakob Rath, Bernhard Fickl, Jasmin S. Schubert, Wolfgang Ipsmiller, Andreas Bartl, Gerd Mauschitz, Gabriel Szabo, Richard A. Wilhelm, Jochen Schmidt, Dominik Eder & Bernhard C. Bayer |
| YEAR | 2025 |
| JOURNAL | Communications Chemistry |
| ABSTRACT | Graphene nanosheets from suspensions are key to applications such as in printable films, battery/supercapacitor electrodes, fillers in composite materials or catalyst supports. We present a straightforward method for achieving high-concentration and long-term stable graphene suspensions by liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) via a combination of ammonia (NH3) as an easily removable additive together with low-boiling point, benign organic-water co-solvent mixtures as suspension media. We find that the addition of small amounts of NH3 as an additive drastically improves the obtainable LPE graphene concentrations by up to 2 orders of magnitude for a wide range of organic-water co-solvent mixtures including with isopropanol, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, acetone, ethylene glycol and tert-butanol. With our approach we readily reach current benchmark graphene concentration values of ~180 mg·L-1 that are normally only obtainable using hard-to-remove high-boiling-point and hazardous standard solvents like dimethylformamide and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolydone or with hard-to-remove surfactants. Notably, NH3 as an additive is highly volatile and thus, as we show, easily removable without degrading the produced high quality graphene nanosheets. |
| FULL ARTICLE | https://www.nature.com/articles/s42004-025-01517-y |
| INSTRUMENT | V-670 |
| KEYWORDS | Synthesis of graphene, Two-dimensional materials |
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